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Bekezdések
A: has techniques mimicking features of apes, insects orpredators. 1.
B: is on the list of world sports events.
C: is the most ancient one of all.
D: is home to a land separated from the main country.
E: uses the opponent’s energy for self-defence.
F: is more about hard kicks than punches.
G: is practised mainly with sticks or swords.
H: was developed by unarmed people.
1. Kung Fu
Kung fu is a Chinese martial art. It is one of the most famous and probably the oldest one. It can be traced back to 1000 BC or even earlier. Kung fu is a compound word composed of the words „work” and „achievement”. It is spirituality-orientated meditation and a personal combat. Its strict stances and actions employ great muscular co-ordination. The various movements in kung fu are imitations of the fighting styles of animals, such as the dragon, the snake, the tiger, the leopard and the crane. Kung fu techniques are very eye-catching, but they are in fact about expressing certain qualities and invisible inner characteristics of various animals. There are hundreds of styles of kung fu, and both armed and unarmed techniques have been developed. In the last century, a lot of action movies centred on kung fu techniques and more importantly on kung fu philosophies.
2. Aikido
The basic skills of aikido originated in Japan in about the 14th century. In the early 20th century, a Japanese martial-arts expert systematised it in its modern form. Aikido means „way of harmonising energy”. It is a kind of self-defence system that uses twisting and throwing techniques with the aim of turning an attacker’s strength, energy and momentum against himself. There are no offensive moves in aikido; it is meant to be purely defensive, without any intention of harming the opponent. It is believed that practising aikido without weapons will result in incorrect moves, stances and postures, so training with weapons is essential. The three main types of weapons that are used in aikido are called Bökken, Jo and Tanto. Aikido was introduced to the rest of the world in the 1950s and has been popular ever since.
3. Karate
Karate means „empty hand”. It is a fast-paced martial art that evolved over centuries and became systematised in the island of Okinawa near Japan in the 17th century. First, it was practised by people forbidden from carrying weapons. It was imported into Japan in the 1920s. Karate focuses on punching and kicking with a rapid use of hands and legs in extreme close combat. Karate involves kihon, kata and kumite. Kihon means basics, like punches, kicks, blocks, strikes and stances. They must be drilled and practised constantly. Kata means form. Forms are sequences of movements, direction, technique, speed, power and rhythm that must be memorised. Kumite means partner work or fight, where pre-arranged training drills and techniques learned from the kihon and kata can be practised. Karate not only keeps your body fit; it also strengthens your mind and enhances your concentration. Several schools and systems have developed over the years, each favouring slightly different techniques. However they all stress the importance of mentái attitude.
4. Taekwondo
Taekwondo is a traditional Korean martial art. It means the „way of kicking and punching”, although the trademark of the sport is its combination of strong and fast kick movements. Taekwondo is very different from many oriental martial arts, as it is very dynamic with active movements that include a mirage of foot skills. The origin of taekwondo dates back to Korea’s early kingdom in 50 BC, when warriors began to develop a martial art. Taekwondo was designated as the Korean national martial art to be promoted internationally. The World Taekwondo Federation was founded in 1973. Taekwondo made its debut as a demonstration at the Seoul Games in 1988 and it gained an international reputation. It now stands among the official games in the Olympics. It became an official medal sport at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games.
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